docs/dev: sync backend rework, MQTT, and devcontainer hygiene

README: add Versioning (unified SemVer, pre-releases, build metadata); emphasize UTC handling and streaming endpoint; add Dev Container notes (UI-only Remote Containers, npm ci, idempotent aliases)
TECH-CHANGELOG: backend rework notes (serialization camelCase, UTC normalization, streaming metadata); add component build metadata template (image tags/SHAs)
Copilot instructions: integrate maintenance guardrails; reinforce UTC and camelCase conventions; document MQTT topics and scheduler retained payload behavior
Devcontainer: map Remote Containers to UI; remove in-container install; switch to npm ci; make aliases idempotent

server/routes/groups.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from server.permissions import admin_or_higher, require_role
 from sqlalchemy import func
 import sys
 import os
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 
 sys.path.append('/workspace')
 
@@ -27,6 +27,14 @@ def get_grace_period():
     return int(os.environ.get("HEARTBEAT_GRACE_PERIOD_PROD", "170"))
 
 
+def _to_utc(dt: datetime) -> datetime:
+    if dt is None:
+        return None
+    if dt.tzinfo is None:
+        return dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    return dt.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+
+
 def is_client_alive(last_alive, is_active):
     """Berechnet, ob ein Client als alive gilt."""
     if not last_alive or not is_active:
@@ -42,7 +50,10 @@ def is_client_alive(last_alive, is_active):
             return False
     else:
         last_alive_dt = last_alive
-    return datetime.utcnow() - last_alive_dt <= timedelta(seconds=grace_period)
+    # Vergleiche immer in UTC und mit tz-aware Datetimes
+    last_alive_utc = _to_utc(last_alive_dt)
+    now_utc = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    return (now_utc - last_alive_utc) <= timedelta(seconds=grace_period)
 
 
 @groups_bp.route("", methods=["POST"])